In the cloud-native era of 2025, performance is no longer just about bragging rights—it is directly correlated to infrastructure costs and user retention. With the widespread adoption of Java 21 (LTS) and the emerging features of Java 25, the landscape of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) has evolved significantly.
The question of “ArrayList vs. LinkedList” is a rite of passage for every Java developer. We learned the Big O notation in university: LinkedList is $O(1)$ for insertions, while ArrayList is $O(n)$ if resizing occurs.
In the landscape of Java development, few topics are as frequently discussed—and yet often misunderstood—as String manipulation. As we approach late 2025, with Java 21 LTS firmly established and newer versions rolling out, the “String Concatenation vs. StringBuilder” debate remains relevant, though the underlying mechanics have evolved significantly.
In the ecosystem of Java development, few discussions are as fundamental yet frequently misunderstood as the dichotomy between primitive types and wrapper objects.
